\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u300a\u7c98\u63a5\u6750\u6599\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u300b
\n1\u3001\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u529b\uff08tensile stress\uff09\u03c3=F\/A<\/p>\n
F\u4e3a\u62c9\u4f38\u529b\u00a0 A\u4e3a\u6837\u54c1\u6a2a\u622a\u9762\u79ef \u5355\u4f4d\u4e3aPa -\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u6216\u8005psi-\u78c5\/\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5bf8 1Pa=1.45\u00d710-4Psi<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f38\u957f\u7387\uff08elongation\uff09\u4e60\u7528\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u53d8\uff08engineering tensile strain\uff09\u03b5=(L-L0)\/L0\u00d7100%<\/p>\n
L0\uff1a\u6837\u54c1\u8d77\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\uff1bL\uff1a\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u00a0 \u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1astress-strain plot\u00a0\u00a0 \u03c3\u4e3aY\u8f74\u00a0 \u03b5\u4e3aX\u8f74\u00a0 \u3010\u5f39\u6027\u5e38\u6570\uff08spring constant\uff09 Hooke\u2018s law for springs\u3011<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u8d77\u59cb\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u00a0 \u03c3=E\u03b5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E-\u62c9\u4f38\u6a21\u91cf\uff08tensile modulus\uff09\u6768\u6c0f\u6a21\u91cf\uff08Young\u2019s modulus\uff09\u91cf\u7eb2\u5355\u4f4d\u540c\u03c3\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u7b26\u5408Hooke\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u5f39\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff08linear elastic materials\uff09\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u70ed\u80fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d88\u5931\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6E\u4e3astress-strain plot\u8d77\u59cb\u659c\u7387\uff0c E\u5927-\u201c\u521a\u6027\u201d\u6750\u6599\u00a0\u00a0 E\u5c0f-\u201c\u67d4\u6027\u201d\u6750\u6599\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d0\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e94\u529b\u79f0\u4e3a\u6750\u6599\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\uff08yield stress\uff09\u03c3y\uff0c\u6b64\u70b9\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u9075\u5faaHooke\u2018s\u00a0 law\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u03c3y\u540e\u6750\u6599\u53d8\u6210\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5851\u6027\u5f62\u53d8\uff08plastically deformation)\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u5f00\u59cb\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u80f6\u9ecf\u5242\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6807\u5fd7-\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u5e94\u529b-\u5e94\u53d8\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u533a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u6837\u54c1\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u7ec6\u9888\u6216\u62c9\u7ec6\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6b64\u5e73\u53f0\u533a\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u65ad\u88c2\u5e94\u529b\uff08stress at break\uff09\u3001\u65ad\u88c2\u5e94\u53d8\uff08strain at break\uff09\u3001\u65ad\u88c2\u4f38\u957f\u7387\uff08elongation at break\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6781\u9650\u62c9\u4f38\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08ultimate tensile strength\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65ad\u88c2\u5e94\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u201c\u7ec6\u9888\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u6cca\u677e\u6bd4\uff08Poisson\u2019s ratio\uff09 \u03c5=\uff08r0-r)\/r0\/\u03b5\u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u6750\u6599\u5728\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u7ec6\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6-\u6a2a\u5411\u5e94\u53d8\u4e0e\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\uff08\u591a\u6570\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027isotropic materials\u6750\u6599\u6cca\u677e\u6bd4\u63a5\u8fd10.25\uff0c\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a0.5\uff09<\/p>\n
r0\uff1a\u6837\u54c1\u8d77\u59cb\u534a\u5f84\u00a0\u00a0 r\uff1a\u6837\u54c1\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e94\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u534a\u5f84\u00a0 \u03b5\uff1a\u62c9\u4f38\u5e94\u53d8<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u526a\u5207\u5e94\u529b\uff08shear stress\uff09\u03c4=F\/A<\/p>\n
F\u4e3a\u62c9\u4f38\u529b\u00a0 A\u4e3a\u6837\u54c1\u53d7\u529b\u9762\u79ef \u5355\u4f4d\u4e3aPa -\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u6216\u8005psi-\u78c5\/\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u5bf8 1Pa=1.45\u00d710-4Psi<\/p>\n
\u03c4=G\u03c6\u00a0 G-\u526a\u5207\u6a21\u91cf\uff08shear modulus\uff09\u91cf\u7eb2\u5355\u4f4d\u540c\u03c4\u00a0 \u03c6=tan\u03a8\u00a0\u00a0 \u03a8-\u5f62\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5939\u89d2<\/p>\n
G=E\/2\/(1+\u03c5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 G-\u526a\u5207\u6a21\u91cf\u00a0\u00a0 E-\u62c9\u4f38\u6a21\u91cf\u00a0 \u03c5-\u6cca\u677e\u6bd4<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08strain energy density\uff09U\u00a0\u00a0 U=\u222b\u03c3d\u03b5\u00a0 \u6216\u8005\u00a0 U=\u222b\u03c4d\u03c6<\/p>\n
\u80f6\u9ecf\u5242\u8981\u60f3\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\uff0c\u6781\u9650\u5e94\u53d8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u5438\u6536\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u88c2\u7eb9\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u00a0 Uc\u2265Yc\u00a0\u00a0 \u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u9762\u79ef\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6307\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u9762\u79ef\u88c2\u7eb9\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff1b\u00a0 Yc\uff1a\u88c2\u7eb9\u6269\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u91cf\u00a0\u00a0 \u4e34\u754c\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u7387\uff08critical strain energy release rate\uff09<\/p>\n
7\u3001\u5728\u80f6\u9ecf\u5242\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u56fa\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u5c31\u79f0\u4f5c\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff08viscoelastic\uff09<\/p>\n
8\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u7c98\u5ea6\uff08viscosity\uff09 \u03b7=\u03c4\/(\u03b4\u03b5\/\u03b4t)\u00a0 \u03c4=\u03b7\u03b5\u2019\u00a0 \u5176\u4e2d\u03b5\u2019=\u03b4\u03b5\/\u03b4t\u00a0 \u4e5f\u7b26\u5408Hooke\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6cca\u6216\u6cb1\uff081P=0.1Pa.s\uff09\uff0c\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u4e3a1mPa.s\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6db2\u4f53\u5728\u6240\u6709\u526a\u5207\u901f\u7387\u4e0b\u7684\u7c98\u5ea6\u7b26\u5408Hooke\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u4f53\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u6d41\u4f53\uff08Newtonian liquid\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u81a8\u80c0\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\uff08dilatant liquid\uff09\u526a\u5207\u53d8\u7a20\u3001\u5047\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\uff08pseudo-plastic liquid\uff09\u526a\u5207\u53d8\u7a00\uff0c\u5bbe\u6c49\u5851\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\uff08Bingham plastic liquid\uff09\u8d85\u8fc7\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\u540e\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u725b\u987f\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u5177\u6709\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u5e76\u4e0e\u6db2\u4f53\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c31\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u89e6\u53d8\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff08thixotropic materials
\n9\u3001\u6750\u6599\u635f\u8017\u6a21\u91cf\uff08loss modulus\uff09E\u201d\uff1b\u6750\u6599\u8d2e\u5b58\u6a21\u91cfE\u2019\uff1b tan\u03b4=E\u201d\/E\u2019\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u5185\u635f\u8017\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u4e0e\u635f\u8017\u6a21\u91cf\u6709\u5173\uff09\u4e0e1\/4\u5468\u671f\u5185\u8d2e\u5b58\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u4e0e\u8d2e\u5b58\u6a21\u91cf\u6709\u5173\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u3002
\n10\u3001\u6a2a\u6881\u5f2f\u66f2\uff0c\u53c2\u770bTimoshenko\u7684\u300aThe Strength of Materials\u300b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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